Contents
TO THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE PRC
Note by the Editor
I. Morgulov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. Russian-Chinese Relations at a New Historical Start of Development
Li Hui, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the PRC in the RF. Golden Decade of Sino-Russian Relations
G. Kulikova. China in My Life
S. Luzyanin. Russia – China: Strategic, Military, Political and Economic Scales of Partnership in 2019
P. Troshchinskiy. Legislative Development in the New China
A. Ostrovskiy. 70 Years of Social and Economic Development in the PRC (1949–2019)
L. Bony. Rural China on the Eve of the 70th Anniversary of the PRC: Final Battle for Xiaokang
V. Portyakov. Foreign Economic Relations of the People’s Republic of China
E. Bazhenova. China’s Population: New Trends in the Era of Modernization and Economic Reforms
I. Ushakov. Ecological Civilization: Dream or Mirage?
S. Uyanaev. China’s Foreign Policy in the Year of the 70th Anniversary of the PRC
A. Davydov. The Year 2019: “Big Three” in a Series of Jubilees
A. Vinogradov. The PRC and European Union Countries
E. Safronova. China’s Relationship with Africa, Latin America and the Middle East in 2018
P. Kamennov. Russian-Chinese Military and Technological Cooperation
A. Lomanov. International Studies at the Institutes of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Yu. Dreyzis. The Main Trends in the Development of Chinese Literature from 1949 to Nowadays
Summary
S. Luzyanin. Russia – China: Strategic, Military, Political and Economic Scales of Partnership in 2019
The article is focused on the key trends in current development of the Russian-Chinese strategic partnership. Special attention is devoted to analysis of the military-political interaction between the two countries in the circumstances of the aggravating international situation and the growing American pressure on Russia and China. The author highlights the specifics of the Russian-Chinese interaction in Eurasia and other regions of the world as well as offers recommendations on how to develop more profoundly the strategic and economic formats of partnership between Russia and China.
Keywords: Russia, China, security, containment, USA, alliance, partnership, conjunction.
P. Troshchinskiy. Legislative Development in the New China
The article is devoted to the investigation of the peculiarities in the evolution of legislation of the People’s Republic of China during the period of 1949–2019. The uniqueness of the mechanism of legal regulation created by the Chinese authorities, aimed primarily at protecting national interests from external competition and threats, is noted. The law-making experience of the Chinese legislator by its success casts doubt on the exclusivity and “infallibility” of the models of legal development offered by the West. During the years of reforms China has proved to the world the possibility of the existence of other alternative and no less progressive models of legal regulation of the political and socio-economic spheres. Tremendous progress in development was achieved by China in the absence of a legal state, separation of powers, a system of checks and balances, a multiparty system, a democratic electoral system, etc. Despite this, thanks to a nationally oriented legal policy, the interests of the state, society, and, with certain reservations of the individual, have been under reliable legal protection.
Keywords: China, Chinese law, legislation, legal policy, legal system, legal regulation, rule of law.
A. Ostrovskiy. 70 Years of Social and Economic Development in the PRC (1949–2019)
The article is devoted to social and economic developments in the PRC during 70 years (1949–2019). The author analyses the results of social and economic development in China, determines two stages of it: 1) 1949–1978 – command and administrative planned economy; 2) 1979–2019 – economic reform. The period of transition from planned to market economy consists of four stages: 1) 1979–1984: 2) 1984–1991; 3) 1992–2003; 4) 2003 – till now. The great successes of economic reform in China are expressed in high growth rates of GDP and promotion of population living standard. Meanwhile at that period China’s role in the world economy increased immensely due to the GDP and foreign trade volumes high growth and development of investment cooperation. The successes of Chinese economy for 40 years proved vital capacity of the economy transition model which incorporates larger state regulation and considerable investment programs for China’s economic development.
Keywords: the PRC, gross domestic product (GDP), population living standard, planned economy, population, economic reform, social and economic development, transition to market economy
L. Bony. Rural China on the Eve of the 70th Anniversary of the PRC: Final Battle for Xiaokang
The article deals with the latest Chinese measures to finally complete the strategic program of building a normal prosperous society, particularly in rural areas on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the PRC. It analyses a new policy course “for primary development of agriculture and rural areas” announced recently to speed up completion of the work assigned and solution of problems connected with the “Xiaokang program”. This is the main driving force to intensify rural development and progress at the time, to provide priority material, financial and political support in order to complete the “Xiaokang program” and to supply favorable institutional conditions for socio-economic development of rural China.
Keywords: “Xiaokang”, priority development, income gap, basic social services, poverty liquidation, resource distribution, integrated development of city and rural areas.
V. Portyakov. Foreign Economic Relations of the People’s Republic of China
The article shows the dynamics of the foreign trade turnover growth of the People’s Republic of China for seven decades, the main features of the modern commodity and geographical structure of its exports and imports. Also analyzed are China’s trade in services, Beijing’s attraction of foreign investment and export of Chinese capital abroad. The leading territorial forms of foreign economic openness of the country – special economic zones and experimental free trade zones – are considered. The place of Russia in China’s foreign trade at the present stage is shown.
Keywords: People’s Republic of China, foreign trade, investments, special economic zones, experimental free trade zones, Russia.
E. Bazhenova. China’s Population: New Trends in the Era of Modernization and Economic Reforms
The article is devoted to the main aspects of population development of China from1949 till nowadays, to the changes which occurred under the influence of socio-economic conditions and population policy. It should be noted that the Chinese government and the CPC connect the decision of demographic problem with the future of the nation, success of modernization policy, socio-economic progress and achievement of the status of the great power.
Keywords: economic reform, population development, living standards, migration, modernization, population policy.
I. Ushakov. Ecological Civilization: Dream or Mirage?
Year by year the problems of ecology cause the ever bigger impact on China’s socio-economic development. The national leadership – in particular, after the start of the reforms – began to focus special and closer attention on environmental protection. Today, as the creation of the ecological civilization has been proclaimed, the CCP and its Secretary-General Xi Jinping actively attend to resolution of China’s environmental problems. All these developments instill hope that the words on the eco-civilization and “beautiful China” will be realized into life.
Keywords: China, ecological civilization, environment protection, «red line», natural utilization, maximum permissible concentration, greenhouse gases.
S. Uyanaev. China’s Foreign Policy in the Year of the 70th Anniversary of the PRC
The article analyzes the main features and directions that characterize the foreign policy of China in the year of the 70th anniversary of the PRC and the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia / the USSR and New China. The author pays special attention to the current state of Russian-Chinese relations, as exemplified by the events of 2018-2019, shows their achievements as well the issues still need to be resolved. The article concludes that the current foreign policy of the PRC is the international policy of a dynamically developing major power; Russian-Chinese relations are based on mutual interests. Therefore they have good prospects and should be developed in the sake of good neighborliness.
Keywords: China, Russia, foreign policy, anniversary, partnership, achievements, interaction, challenges.
A. Davydov. The Year 2019: “Big Three” in a Series of Jubilees
In this article, the author sums up the major outcomes of relations among Russia, China, and the United States as reached by the current year of 2019, which is a kind of a “jubilee year” for these three actors on a number of occasions. Some recommendations are offered on how to streamline their relations and to improve the climate inside the Big Three.
Keywords: Russia, China, US, mutual relations, Balance of forces, balance of interests.
A. Vinogradov. The PRC and European Union Countries
The article is devoted to the relationship of modern China with the countries of the European Union in the second half of 2018 — the first half of 2019. The author identifies and examines in detail three points that are most important for the development of China-EU relations: two trips of the Chinese leader Xi Jinping to European countries and the China – EU summit held in spring 2019. According to the author, these events clearly characterize the main trends in the development of Sino-European cooperation.
Keywords: China, Europe, politics, economy, Xi Jinping, cooperation, investment.
E. Safronova. China’s Relationship with Africa, Latin America and the Middle East in 2018
The article considers directions and dynamics of the development of the PRC relations with the countries of Africa, Latin America and the Middle East in 2018, shows new points in the contacts of the parties prompted by the events of the last year. The author specifies that the development of China’s relationship with the three regions has been largely motivated by the task of connecting their potential to the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative.
Keywords: China, Africa, Latin America, “China-Africa” Forum (FOCAC), BRICS, Middle East, Venezuela, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
P. Kamennov. Russian-Chinese Military and Technological Cooperation
The article discusses the main stages of development of the Soviet-Chinese and Russian-Chinese military and military-technological cooperation and its importance for creating the military-industrial complex of the PRC and transforming the PLA into modern armed forces corresponding to the international status of the PRC as a great power. These relations are analyzed in the context of the development of strategic partnership between the Russian Federation and the PRC, aimed at strategic interaction in the XXI Century.
Keywords: military and military-technological cooperation, strategic partnership, strategic interaction, military-industrial complex, deliveries to the PRC of Russian military equipment, joint Russian-Chinese military antiterrorism exercises.
A. Lomanov. International Studies at the Institutes of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
The article deals with the history of the formation of research system of world and regional problems in China. The connection of the state scientific policy with the diplomatic and economic demands of China’s development is shown. The initial impetus for the establishment of scientific structures was in need to develop state foreign policy towards developing countries. With the transition to the implementation of policies of reform and openness there was a demand for knowledge about them. The main activities of the scientific institutes within the Department of international studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences are characterized.
Keywords: world economy, reforms in China, research, Africa, Asia, Russia, America, Europe, “think tanks”.
Yu. Dreyzis. The Main Trends in the Development of Chinese Literature from 1949 to Nowadays
The paper presents a description of the main trends in the development of mainland Chinese literature during the period from the founding of the PRC up to nowadays, covering a period of seventy years. Throughout this time, Chinese prose, poetry, and drama were directly dependent on changes in cultural policies authorized by the CCP. Brief “thaws” were followed by reaction. Since the early 1990s commercialization had also begun to influence the literary world. Against the background of the growing openness of Chinese society Chinese literature has gradually entered the global literary scene.
Keywords: avant-garde, Chinese poetry, contemporary literature, cultural studies, literary policy, literary market, modern literature.