Contents
POLITICS
A. Galimzyanova. Sino-German Relations: in Pursuit of the Paragon
E. Shirgazina. «Soft Power» of China and BRICS Countries
Wang Huan. China-Russia: Opportunities for Joint Development of the Northern Sea Route
ECONOMY
B. Kheyfets, N. Stepanov. «Belt and Road Initiative 2.0» and Russia
Z. Muromtseva. The 40th Anniversary of Reform and Problems of General Factor Productivity in China
M. Alexandrova, O. Tatueva. Features of the Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Li Yan, Xu Xiangqian. China’s Economic Image in Russian Social Networks
K. Gemueva. Foreign Capital in the UK Real Property Market (on the Example of Investments from Greater China)
THEORY AND METHODOLOGY
V. Maliavin. Understanding China’s Global Strategy
A. Semenov, A. Tsvyk. The «Community of a Shared Future for Humankind» in China’s Diplomatic Discourse
HISTORY
N. Mamaeva. To the 100th Anniversary of the «May 4 Movement» of 1919
T. Ornatskaya. Activities of the Comintern in the Far East (1920–1922)
Tang Shichun. Soviet Lawyers in China (1949–1960)
CULTURE
V. Samoylenko. Globalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine
N. Chesnokova. Court Geomancers in Korea during the Joseon Period (1392–1897)
EDUCATION
Yu. Dreyzis. School Literary Canon in the Chinese Higher Secondary School System
BOOK REVIEW
N. Bektimirova. Heng Samrin. The People’s Struggle. Cambodia Reborn
V. Petrovsky. Kukharenko N., Kukharenko S. Chinese Communities in the USA and Europe: History, Culture, Religion
SCHOLAR JUBILEE
Andrey Vladimirovich Ostrovsky — 70 Years
The 70 Years Jubilee of V. Mazyrin
Contents of the Journal «Problems of the Far East» for 2019
Summary
A. Galimzyanova. Sino-German Relations: in Pursuit of the Paragon
The article discusses the current state of Sino-German relations. It is shown that there are certain benefits as well as difficulties in cooperation between two countries. The author analyzes the state of bilateral cooperation between them in 2017 and concludes that, in general, China’s relations with Germany are constructive and friendly, and are constantly aimed at strengthening the strategic dialogue.
Key words: China, Germany, EU, Xi Jinping, Angela Merkel, international relations, foreign policy, “One belt, One road”, “Made in China 2025”, “Industry 4.0”.
E. Shirgazina. “Soft Power” of China and BRICS Countries
Cooperation with the BRICS countries is one of the key directions of China’s external policy. The importance of this format of interaction between the five countries for China is complemented by the remaining challenges for effective joint activity. At the same time, in the conditions of increasing instability in international relations, the relevance of the use of “soft instruments” is going to increase. The article analyzes the essence of the concept of “soft power”, its specificity for Beijing and the range of instruments of its application by the PRC in the partner countries, as well as their effectiveness at this stage.
Key words: China, “soft power”, BRICS, diaspora, “One Belt, One Road”.
Wang Huan. China-Russia: Opportunities for Joint Development of the Northern Sea Route
The Arctic region is one of the priority areas of strategic cooperation between China and Russia. The initiative of joint development of the Northern sea route is an integral part of cooperation between the two countries in the implementation of the “One belt, One road” initiative. The article attempts to analyze the capabilities of China and Russia in this area. The author comes to the conclusion that this initiative is not only a program of mutually beneficial cooperation, but provides unique opportunities, gives an even greater impetus to the economic and regional development of both countries. Difficulties and challenges arising in the process of joint development of the Northern sea route are easily solved due to the advantages of complementarity and mutual consultations. The Northern sea route will certainly stimulate further cooperation and development of China and Russia.
Key words: China, Russia, the Northern sea route, Arctic, “Ice silk road”, “One belt, One road”.
B. Kheyfets, N. Stepanov. “Belt and Road Initiative 2.0” and Russia
The article analyzes the 6-year period of the implementation of the global Chinese project “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR) or “The Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI). Its positive aspects are highlighted, especially the expansion of the number of participants and their areas of interaction, the creation of a powerful financial base, the creation of new cross-border transport routes, increased trade and investment among the project participants. However, many problems were identified, among which the opacity of the BRI projects, insufficient consideration of national interests and local needs of China’s partners, the “debt trap” of Chinese loans, exacerbating the economic problems of many participants in the BRI. The possible ways of deepening Russian-Chinese cooperation at the new stage of development of BRI 2.0 are proposed.
Key words: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), “soft power”, hybrid economic partnership, debt trap, pairing with the EAEU, the fourth industrial revolution, Northern Sea Route (NSR).
Z. Muromtseva. The 40th Anniversary of Reform and Problems of General Factor Productivity in China
An important milestone in the reform of the public sector of the PRC was the decision of the CPC Central Committee Plenum to create a system of modern enterprises. Adopted in 1993, this decision, firstly, turned into an alternative to almost coinciding with it in time collateral auctions and total deindustrialization in the Russian Federation, and secondly, anticipated the idea of industrialization of a new type (knowledge-based economy relied upon resource conservation, modernization, environmental protection). 24 years later, these innovations were developed and interpretated in-depth: the XIX Congress of the CPC set the task to increase the overall factor productivity, formed regardless of the cost of labor and capital due to long-term scientific and technological innovations affecting its cost. The growth of overall factor productivity seemed to determine the success of the further path, but the unpredictability of the world economy was complicated by China’s rivalry with the United States.
Key words: reform of state enterprises, institutionalization of technical-technological and innovative-informative development, social capital, total factor productivity, new economy index.
M. Alexandrova, O. Tatueva. Features of the Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Due to the warm and humid climate, the fertility of the land, the abundance of water and mineral resources, the Yangtze basin has become one of the important areas of the spread and development of Chinese civilization. The benefits of geographical location favored the fact that at the end of the 19th Century a significant part of foreign capital was accumulated in its delta. Along the Yangtze Japanese aggression and civil war were mostly unfolded. Here, during the period of the two first successful five year plan, the first objects of industrialization were laid with the help of the USSR. The article focuses on the 40-year stage of reforms and openness when in this region from industrialization with a turn to high-tech production took place.
Key words: Yangtze river economic belt, spatial distribution, high-tech industries, transport corridor, regional development imbalances.
Li Yan, Xu Xiangqian. China’s Economic Image in Russian Social Networks
Due to the continuous deepening of Chinese-Russian trade and economic cooperation, Chinese enterprises are increasingly engaged in economic activities in Russia. Misunderstandings and conflicts caused by these economic activities are inevitable. To cope with this challenge, it is necessary to understand the current perception of the Chinese economy by the Russian public. With the development of Internet technologies, social networks in Russia have become the main tool for communication and obtaining information. Public discourse on Russian social media is an important way to understand the Russian public’s current perception of China’s economy. In accordance with the characteristics of the public discourse in the social network “In contact”, the article describes and summarizes the economic image of China in Russia on four topics: China’s domestic macroeconomics, Chinese enterprises and goods, Chinese-Russian trade and economic cooperation, China and the world economy.
Key words: Russian social network, China’s economic image, public discourse, discourse analysis.
K. Gemueva. Foreign Capital in the UK Real Property Market (on the Example of Investments from Greater China)
The article deals with the structure and features of the UK real estate market. The main changes in the taxation of real estate and transactions with it are indicated. The assessment of foreign capital participation in the real estate market of Great Britain is given. The analysis of investments of businessmen from Greater China, aimed at development projects, hotel, office and retail real estate in the UK is presented. The factors influencing the activity of investors from Greater China in the UK property market are listed.
Key words: UK real estate, China, Hong Kong, real estate construction, hotel real estate, office real estate.
V. Maliavin. Understanding China’s Global Strategy
The paper deals with the basic principles of China’s modern foreign policy and global strategy in their relation to the intellectual foundations of traditional Chinese philosophy, culture and politics. The author claims that traditional Chinese worldview including strategic thinking, was based on the idea of change or transformation (hua, yi etc.). This idea asserted what may be called togetherness, or mutual complementarity, of things as well as concealed continuity of polarities. Opposition of subject and external world was excluded. The consequence was the concept of two non-dual world orders. From this perspective the author examines the historical significance of modern China’s global goals, such as “the community of shared future” and “the new world of All-Under-Heaven” as well as affinities between Chinese and modern Western thought.
Key words: global strategy, metaphysics of change, the community of shared future, new All-Under-Heaven, supreme globality.
A. Semenov, A. Tsvyk. The “Community of a Shared Future for Humankind” in China’s Diplomatic Discourse
The article is devoted to the problem of diplomatic discourse of China. The authors conclude that there is no consensus among experts as to whether Chinese diplomatic discourse is difficult to understand in Western countries and what it should be. They attempt to analyze one of the basic concepts of China’s modern diplomatic discourse — the “Community of a Shared Future for Humankind” — at the linguistic, cognitive and pragmatic levels of its understanding.
Key words: China, foreign policy, diplomatic discourse, the concept of “Community of a Shared Future for Humankind”, Xi Jinping.
N. Mamaeva. To the 100th Anniversary of the “May 4 Movement” of 1919
The article gives the author’s view on the most important event in the history of China in the first half of the twentieth century — the “May 4 Movement” of 1919. The causes and consequences of this movement are presented against the background of the “Movement for a new culture (1915–1925)” and taking into account the influence of Westernization ideas on China, as well as the experience of the October Revolution of 1917 in Russia. The interrelation of internal events and external influences on China is shown. As history has shown, it was a turning point in the social life of China and raised the question of the future path of development of the country. Modern assessments of the “Movement for a new culture” and the “May 4 Movement” of 1919 update and supplement existing ideas about the causes and content of the “May 4 Movement” of 1919.
Key words: “May 4 movement” of 1919, “Movement for a new culture”, “the emancipation of the individual”, Soviet Russia, Westernization, the influence of the ideas of the October Revolution on China.
T. Ornatskaya. Activities of the Comintern in the Far East (1920–1922)
In March 2019, the 100th anniversary of the Communist International, which made a huge contribution to world politics, was celebrated. The article is devoted to the activities of the Comintern in the context of the foreign policy of the Far Eastern Republic in 1920–1922, to contribution of the Eastern sections of the Comintern in the decision of foreign policy problems in the Far East during the confrontation of US and UK with Soviet Russia in the early 1920s.
Key words: Far East, foreign policy, Communist International (Comintern), V.I. Lenin, Far Eastern Republic.
Tang Shichun. Soviet Lawyers in China (1949–1960)
Working in China in the 1950s Soviet lawyers made a significant contribution to the theory and practice of higher legal education, the functioning of public authorities, took part in the preparation of new laws for the New China. During their stay in China they studied the Chinese political system and the system of law. Returning home, they prepared a number of scientific articles and monographs, contributed to the development of Soviet Sinology.
Key words: China, the USSR, history, jurisprudence, legal education, Soviet lawyers.
V. Samoylenko. Globalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine
The process of globalization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) began at the end of the last century and was initiated by the Chinese government. However, significant progress in the promotion of TCM has been achieved only in recent years, due to a large-scale campaign to open TCM centers around the world and the inclusion of TCM drugs in Western pharmacopoeias. The article analyzes the main stages of TCM globalization.
Key words: China, traditional Chinese medicine, reflexology, World federation of Chinese medicine, globalization.
N. Chesnokova. Court Geomancers in Korea during the Joseon Period (1392–1897)
Geomancy, known in Korea as the ‘p’ungsu chiri seol theory’ first was explained to Korean people in the works of a Buddhist monk Doseon (827–898). The theory was a synonym for traditional Korean geography, and soon became popular and wide-spread. The article focuses on the role of a geomancer in Korea during the reign of the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897) and explores who the Joseon geomancers were: what social background and status they had, what education they were expected to have and what their duties were. In the end of the article the author gives a list of examples explaining the influence and importance of the p’ungsu chiri seol theory for Korean history and culture.
Key words: Korea, Joseon, geomancy, p’ungsu chiri seol, geomancers, ideology, jigwan, jungin.
Yu. Dreyzis. School Literary Canon in the Chinese Higher Secondary School System
The article gives a description of the school literary canon as it is presented in officially sanctioned educational aids for senior high schools (gaozhong) of the PRC. China is currently pursuing an unprecedented nationwide reform of the school curriculum (K-12). As a result, the composition of the school literary canon is also changing, reflecting important changes in the relation of the cultural focus and periphery.
Key words: Chinese literature, Chinese poetry, literary policy, literary market, contemporary literature.