Contents
POLITICS
A. Isaev. China in the Global Cyberspace
S. Uyanaev. Beijing-Delhi Dialogue: Internal Imperatives and External Factors
O. Pugacheva. Public Diplomacy as an Instrument of the U.S. North Korean Policy
ECONOMICS
O. Dobrinskaya. Japan and Central Asia: Model of Economic Cooperation
V. Chuvankova. The Fourth Chinese Economic Census: Assessment of the State of the National Economy
STATE AND SOCIETY
V. Borodich. Formation of the Public Administration System in the Pre-Constitutional Period of the History of the PRC
T. Komarova. Demographic Security Russia and China: the Main Factors of Influence
THEORY AND METHODOLOGY
V. Balakin. The Perspectives of China’s Economic Domination on Eurasia Сontinent
RUSSIAN FAR EAST
U. Ezhyelya. From the History of the Soviet — Chinese Rail Freight: Grodekovo and Zabaikalsk (1950–early 1960th)
M. Fomin, V. Bezverbny, I. Seleznev, I. Shushpanova, T. Miriazov. Spatial development of Primorsky Territory and the Sakhalin Region: Opinion of Residents
RUSSIAN SINOLOGY
A. Khisamutdinov, Chi Yuchao. Professor V.V. Engelfeld: “He Loved his Job Very Much and Could not Imagine Life without Teaching at University”
HISTORY
V. Ten, N. Kim. Investigative Files on the Participation of Korean Immigrants in the Anti-Japanese Resistance in Manchuria and Immigrants’ Destinies in the USSR
CULTURE
A. Verchenko. Documentary Director I.P. Kopalin and the First Attempt to Make a Film about the Victory of the Chinese People
BOOK REVIEW
A. Yurkevich. A.V. Pantsov. Chiang Kai-shek. M.: Molodaya gvardiya, 2019. 507 [5] p: ill. (The life of remarkable people: ser. Biogr.; issue 175); Alexander Pantsov. Undefeated: The True Story of Chiang Kai-shek. M.: Molodaya gvardiya, 2019. 507 [5] p.: ill.
SCHOLAR JUBILEE
Vladimir Evgenievich Petrovsky — 60 years
Annotations
China in the Global Cyberspace
Alexander Isaev
Today the situation in the sphere of cyberspace is taking a very tense turn due to the rivalry between the world biggest economies for leadership in the digital environment. The author analyzes the role and importance of the Chinese strategy in the information space and shows the growing impact of China on the decision-making process that take place in the digital environment on the international arena regarding different technical issues and managing principles. The article also analyzes the Chinese defense policy in this area and demonstrates the gradual transformation of that country into one of the world’s cyber superpowers that can challenge American dominance on the Internet, which has already led to sharp confrontation and rivalry between China and the USA in the modern information space, to technological wars, to the development of arsenals of military viruses on both sides as well as to the development of information wars strategies and tactics.
Beijing-Delhi Dialogue: Internal Imperatives and External Factors
Sergey Uyanaev
The article examines the current state of Sino-Indian relations. The analysis is based on a comparison of positive and negative trends, reflecting significant achievements on the one hand, and a number of unresolved issues on the other. From this point of view the author examines two structural areas of Sino-Indian relations — the issues directly connected to the bilateral agenda, as well as the sphere of the relations that is formed under the influence of international factors. Against the background of the aggravation of the 2020 bilateral border problem some scenario forecasts have been formulated.
Public Diplomacy as an Instrument of the U.S. North Korean Policy
Oksana Pugacheva
Public diplomacy propagandistic programs have become the main tool used by the United States to provide international support for the US foreign policy towards North Korea as well as exercise information pressure on the North Korean regime and attempt to penetrate the North Korean audience. Despite the fact that the key goal of American foreign policy and public diplomacy with regard to the DPRK is the denuclearization of North Korea, the requirements for the transformation of the North Korean regime are put forward as a condition for the conventionalization of the DPRK. The author concludes that the United States will continue to conduct aggressive informational public diplomacy regarding the DPRK due to increased competition with China and Washington’s unwillingness to include the DPRK in the international community without transforming the North Korean political system.
Japan and Central Asia: Model of Economic Cooperation
Olga Dobrinskaya
The article analyses main directions of Japan’s economic cooperation with Central Asia. The focus is placed on cooperation in the mining industry, assistance in building energy infrastructure in the region. Japan’s presence is also visible in other industrial spheres as well as agriculture. Advanced technology, quality infrastructure and educating human resources are the main characteristics of Japan’s projects in Central Asia. As the countries of the region declare their intention to reduce dependence on the exports of mineral resources and follow the path of modernization Japan is becoming a more desirable partner. From Japan’s point of view presence of other Asian countries in the region not only leads to competition but also creates new opportunities for cooperation.
The fourth Chinese economic census: assessment of the state of the national economy
Valentina Chuvankova
The fourth Chinese economic census, conducted in 2019, played an important role in identifying the economic potential, problems and prospects for the development of the national economy at the final stage of the 13th five-year plan (2016–2020).
The base time for the census was December 31, 2018. The census covered all entities with the status of a legal entity operating on the territory of China, in the secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy — in industry, construction and numerous service industries, and subordinate production and economic structures and organizations, as well as individual farms registered as physical entities, in 31 regions of the country.
One of the main places in the census is devoted to the analysis of the current state of private and individual enterprises, which make up the vast majority in the secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy. As a separate subject of research, medium-sized, small and micro-enterprises with the status of a legal entity, as well as individual farms are identified. Their priority importance in ensuring high-quality and sustainable development of the country, expanding employment channels, and improving the material well-being of citizens is shown.
Formation of the Public Administration System in the Pre-Constitutional Period of the History of the PRC
Vladimir Borodich
The preconstitutional period of the history of the PRC’s state administration accounts for the formation of the legal, military, regional, and political foundations on which the entire currently existing in the country administrative structure is based. The pre-constitutional period ended in 1954 with generally positive results. At the same time, the normal course of administrative system formation had increasingly negative influence of the internal political struggle, that reduced the ability of the administrative system to serve the country’s development and be a factor of political stability.
Demographic Security Russia and China: the Main Factors of Influence
Tatiana Komarova
The integral indicator of the demographic security of Russia and China for the period 2001–2018 was calculated and analyzed. Countries are currently in a zone of social tension. The following indicators were used to calculate the integral indicator of demographic security: fertility rate; mortality rate; infant mortality rate; total fertility rate; growth rate; share of population under 15 years old; share of the population over 65; life expectancy; migration growth rate. The integrated indicator of demographic security was calculated from the average of individual indicators. It is shown that at present both countries are located in a zone of social tension. Russia’s security indicators are lower than China, which indicates the presence of a larger number of factors that worsen the Russian security indicator. The factors that have the greatest impact on the decline in demographic security indicators are identified: low fertility, an increase in the share of the population over 65 years of age. It is shown that due to the reduction in the number of women of childbearing ages, the country will remain in the zone of social tension in the medium term. Adverse demographic trends may further slow down economic growth.
The Perspectives of China’s Economic Domination on Eurasia Continent
Vyacheslav Balakin
After disintegration of bipolar world the role of PRC in global and regional affairs had grown. That made some theoretical researches among Chinese experts to explore such important problems like state economic interests, national security, geostrategy of world and regional trade. Beijing has worked out long-term foreign-policy course, the essence of which can be interpreted like the formula: “Pacify West, lean against North, struggle for East and South“. It’s been considered that China as a State settled down in Eastern part of Eurasia is simply obliged to develop strategic partner relations with leading powers of Eurasian continent, such as Germany, Russia and India since only being in the process of “independent” and “joint” transformation with them China is able to become finally main motive strength in conditions of modified world system. Powerful economic potential affords Beijing to render noticeable influence on geopolitical situation in Eurasia and conduct independent foreign economic policy.
From the History of the Soviet — Chinese Rail Freight: Grodekovo and Zabaikalsk (1950–60th ears)
Ulyana Ezhyelya
The article deals with various forms of interaction between the USSR and China in the field of railway transport in the 1950s and 60s — freight transportation through the station of Grodekovo of Khabarovsk territory and the station of Zabaikalsk of Chita region. The author shows the great role of the Far Eastern and Zabaikalskaya Railways in the transport corridor «The USSR — China». Statistical data of the State archives of the Khabarovsk and Primorsky territories allowed to confirm the conclusions made by researchers in relation to the Soviet-Chinese transportation in Transbaikalia. Thus, both sides of transportation needed certain raw materials and mutually complemented each other. The author notes the work of international regulatory bodies — Meetings of representatives of railways and foreign trade organizations of the socialist countries of South-East Asia on the harmonization of export-import cargo transportation plans.
Spatial development of Primorsky territory and the Sakhalin region: opinion of residents
Maxim Fomin, Vadim Bezverbny, Igor Seleznev, Irina Shushpanova, Timur Miriazov
The article discusses the urgent problems of the spatial development of Primorsky territory and the Sakhalin region. The results of a field sociological study conducted by the authors in these regions in September 2019 are presented. The sample is constructed on the model which is using key characteristics of the general totality and based on the principles of quota-proportional and territorial methods. The total sample size is 468 respondents. The empirical object of the study is the adult population of the regions.
Professor V.V. Engelfeld: “He Loved his Job Very Much and Could not Imagine Life without Teaching at University”
Amir Khisamutdinov, Chi Yuchao
This article is devoted to the professor of law Vladimir Viktorovich Engelfeld (1891–1937), a connoisseur of Chinese law, and the author of many works on this subject. While still in Vladivostok, he became interested in a completely unexplored topic — the formation of China’s state law (1921). He subsequently prepared a master’s thesis that were defended in Paris. He taught at the State Far Eastern University, and later was a professor and dean of the Faculty of Law in Harbin. The year 2020 marks the centenary of the opening of the first Russian institution of higher education in China — the Faculty of Law in Harbin. His graduates made a great contribution to Sinology and the formation of Russian-Chinese relations in the first half of the 20th century. This article was written using materials from archives and libraries of the USA and China.
Investigative Files on the Participation of Korean Immigrants in the Anti-Japanese Resistance in Manchuria and Immigrants’ Destinies in the USSR
Victor Ten, Natalia Kim
The Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 followed by the war between China and Japan led to mass displacement of population in the region. Hundreds of Korean immigrants living in Manchuria and participating in anti-Japanese resistance had to move to Soviet territory. In the USSR, they were deported from the Far East to the inland. Based on analysis of the previously unpublished archival investigative files of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Kustanai oblast, this study traces the fates of Korean immigrants in the USSR in the 1935–1938s.
Documentary Director I.P. Kopalin and the First Attempt to Make a Film about the Victory of the Chinese People
Аlla Verchenko
The article deals with the famous Soviet documentary film maker I.P. Kopalin and his film crew’s unknown visit to China that took place in February-March 1949. The documents found in three Russian archives gave the author an understanding of importance of his mission in implementation of the task set to the film makers by the Soviet leadership: coverage of the most important military-political and economic events in the liberated areas of North-East China. Kopalin’s diary contains information about the group’s stay in China, his meetings with high ranking Chinese leaders as well as about the situation in the country at the turning point in the history of China. Kopalin’s never previously published diary is a source for deepening the studies in the field of the history of Soviet-Chinese relations.